Experiences and Enlightenment of National Park Concessions Management in the United States and New Zealand

The current Chinese national park concession system, limited to for-profit projects, is insufficient in covering all the resource utilization activities, and needs to be improved to ensure the sustainable conservation and utilization of natural resources. An adaptive resource utilization concession system is proposed to manage all resource utilization activities in national parks in a holistic manner. Drawing on the successful experiences of the United States and New Zealand, a concession authorization process based on category and activity supervision based on law can be established. The following points can be considered: 1) grants of concessions by category can simplify the process and consider various ways of resource utilization; 2) the adoption of multiple approaches can enhance the scientific and transparent management of the authorizaiont process; 3) a gradual refinement of the management system can enhance systematization and normalization; 4) strict supervision throughout the process and in various dimensions is necessary to ensure that the goals of national parks are not violated.