Abstract: In order to find out the effects of different management measures on the diversity of the undergrowth of Camellia oleifera, we studied the plants under five different management measures of C.oleifera in the largest Camellia-producing areas in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County. We analyzed the species composition, quantity of vegetation structures, diversity index and improvement measures. There were five different management measures of the plants in the survey. They were consisted of 63 families, 123 genera and 148 species, shrub layer including 25 families, 44 genera and 51 species; there were 42 families, 83 genera and 97 species in the herb layer; and there were 22 species in all. By calculating the important values, and most of them were common species in the shrub layer, the dominant species in the herb layer were of great difference, 13 species of which accounted for a large proportion. In the analysis of the diversity index contrast, the management measure of using clonal seedlings renovation was with the lowest diversity index(P<0.01 index, except Pielou); in correlation analysis, the diversity index was negatively correlated with elevation(P<0.01), and Margalef, Shannon-Wiener index was positively correlated with canopy density and crown width(P<0.01). The Simpson index was related to the canopy density(P<0.01). The effects of different management measures on the structure and diversity of the plants under the C.oleifera forest were not only related to the transformation, but also to the improvement measures.