Abstract: Primula merrilliana is a rare ornamental flowers species and endemic to China. We preliminarily studied the application of self pollination in the selection and breeding of its flower color. The compatibility of self pollination in P.merrilliana was relatively higher, the average number of seeds was up to 36.03 per fruit, which reached 71.11% of the seeds of legitimate pollination(50.69 seed per fruit), and the germination rate of self pollination seeds was up to 41.13%, which was 57.98% of seeds germination rate of legitimate pollination. The analysis of flower color showed that the mean value of R of self pollination progeny population(0.382) was significantly higher than that of the parental population and the progeny population of legitimate pollination(both was about 0.375).Therefore, we should pay attention to the application of self pollination in the breeding of P.merrilliana because it is beneficial for flower color selection and obtaining of homozygous lines, although there is a certain level of inbreeding depression.