Abstract: The WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX) family is a plant-specific transcription factor family involved in multiple developmental processes including meristematic cell division and differentiation, primary and secondary biomass metabolism, and plant hormone signaling. At present, there is no relevant research on genome-wide analysis of the gene family involved in stem development of poplar. We identified the poplar WOX gene family, and found 18 WOX candidate genes in the poplar gene. These candidate genes were divided into three groups. Most of the WOX family members in the same group had similar gene structure and conservation motif. According to the transcriptome data of stems at different developmental stages, the specific expression of WOX family members in different developmental stages of stems was systematically analyzed, and the above results were verified by qRT-PCR. The poplar WOX gene family showed different expression patterns at different developmental stages of the stem, which laid a foundation for the functional research and utilization of the WOX family.