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盐碱胁迫对彩叶矾根‘银扇’幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

Effects of Saline-alkali Stress on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Color Leaf Heuchera micrantha ‘Silver Fan’ Seedlings

    摘要
  • 摘要: 以观叶植物矾根‘银扇’（Heuchera micrantha ‘Silver Fan’）幼苗为研究对象，选用30、60、90、120、150 mmol·L-1 NaCl、NaHCO3与20、30、40、50、60 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3，分别模拟盐胁迫、盐碱胁迫和碱胁迫。试验以1/4霍格兰营养液为对照，采用水培法，对幼苗处理0、7、14 d，从盐害率、生理指标等方面观察植株的响应，通过对7个指标进行主成分分析，探讨盐碱胁迫对‘银扇’幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：在不同盐碱胁迫处理下，幼苗的相对电导率和丙二醛含量（MDA）随时间延长和浓度升高均呈上升趋势。在30 mmol·L-1 NaCl与NaHCO3分别处理下的‘银扇’幼苗无明显盐害症状，随着处理时间的延长各生理指标都呈上升趋势；随着浓度增加和胁迫时间的延长，幼苗盐害指数上升，观赏价值降低，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性整体呈先升后降的趋势，分别在90 mmol·L-1 NaCl和60 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3时达到最大值；在胁迫相同时间条件下，叶绿素（Chl）、叶绿素a（Chla）和叶绿素b（Chlb）含量不断下降，ρ（Chla）/ρ（Chlb）随胁迫浓度的升高而升高。在不同浓度Na2CO3胁迫下SOD活性总体呈上升趋势，50 mmol·L-1时达到最大值，Chl、Chla与Chlb含量总体呈下降趋势，但在胁迫相同时间条件下，ρ（Chla）/ρ（Chlb）随浓度升高先减后增，在40 mmol·L-1处理下比值最小。总体来说‘，银扇’幼苗具有一定耐盐能力，在NaCl浓度<90 mmol·L-1,NaHCO3浓度<60 mmol·L-1,Na2CO3浓度<40 mmol·L-1可以生长，且具有一定观赏价值。主成分分析结果表明，相对电导率、Chla和Chlb含量可作为‘银扇’耐盐碱能力强弱的评价指标。

     

    Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of saline-alkali stress on the plant growth, seedling of Heuchera micrantha ‘Silver Fan’ was used as materials, and 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mmol·L-1 NaCl and NaHCO3, and 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mmol·L-1 Na2CO3, were used to simulate salt stress, salt alkali stress, and alkali stress, respectively. The experiment used 1/4 Hoagland nutrient solution as the control, and used water culture method to treat seedlings for 0, 7 and 14 d. The response of plants was observed from aspects such as salt damage rate and physiological indicators, and the effects of salt stress on the growth of ‘Silver Fan’ seedlings were analyzed and evaluated by principal component analysis of 7 indicators. The results showed that under different salt alkali stress treatments, the relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content（MDA） of the seedlings showed an increasing trend with time and concentration. The seedlings treated with 30 mmol·L-1 NaCl or NaHCO3 showed no obvious symptoms of salt damage, and all physiological indicators showed an upward trend with the prolongation of treatment time; With the increase of concentration and stress time, the salt damage index of seedlings increased, but the ornamental value decreased. The overall trend of superoxide dismutase（SOD） increased first and then decreased, reaching the maximum value at 90 mmol·L-1 NaCl and 60 mmol·L-1 NaHCO3, respectively. Under the same stress time, the contents of chlorophyll（Chl）, chlorophyll a（Chla）, and chlorophyll b（Chlb） decreased continuously, while ρ（Chla）/ρ（Chlb） increased with the increase of stress concentration. Under different concentrations of Na2CO3 stress, the SOD activity generally showed an upward trend, reaching the maximum value at 50 mmol·L-1, and the contents of Chl, Chla, and Chlb generally showed a downward trend. However, under the same time conditions of stress, ρ（Chla）/ρ（Chlb） decreased first and then increased with the concentration increasing, and the ratio of ρ（Chla）/ρ（Chlb） was the smallest under 40 mmol·L-1 treatment. In general, ‘Silver Fan’ seedlings had a certain salt alkali resistance ability, and could grow at NaCl concentration＜90 mmol·L-1, NaHCO3 concentration＜60 mmol·L-1, and Na2CO3 concentration＜40 mmol·L-1, and had certain ornamental value, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that the relative conductivity, Chla, and Chlb contents could be used as indicators for evaluating the salt alkali resistance of the ‘Silver Fan’.

     

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