Abstract: In order to provide a basis for the conservation and utilization of Michelia wilsonii natural population,the phenotypes of fruit and seed traits of M. wilsonii were analyzed,and the variation mechanism and spatial autocorrelation was studied. M. wilsonii natural population was taken as materials,which located in Zhougong Mountain,Ya’an,12 phenotypic traits were determined. The spatial variation characteristics of fruits and seeds of M. wilsonii were explored by using coefficient of variation and semi-variogram. The results showed that:（1）The average coefficient of variation of phenotypic fruit and seed traits was 27.59%,the variation extent of morphological traits was the least,and the variation extent of seed traits was more abundant than that of fruit.（2）The seed abortion rate and follicle abortion rate were the highest in the lower part of fruit,which were 18.32% and 38.22% respectively. The seed and follicle abortion rates were lowest in the middle part of fruit,which were 15.05% and 23.45% respectively.（3）The semi-variogram models were dominated by exponential and spherical models,presenting a distribution of aggregation. Except fruit length,seed longitudinal diameter and seed abortion rate,the other nine indexes showed medium and high spatial autocorrelation respectively.（4）The anisotropy ratios of the nine indexes were close to 1,and the spatial heterogeneity was isotropy. Therefore,the phenotypic fruit and seed traits of M. wilsonii had abundant variation in the medium scale spatial range.