Abstract: Based on the survey of orchid resources in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River region, the priority protection value of each endangered plant was quantitatively calculated using multiple evaluation indexes to determine the endangerment level and priority protection sequence of rare and endangered orchids in the region by combining data collection and specimen review. The endangerment level of 156 species of endangered orchids in 60 genera in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River region was evaluated, among which 15 species were in critically endangered（CR） status, 46 species in endangered（EN） status, 78 species in vulnerable（VU） status and 17 species in near threatened（NT） status; the priority protection range value was 0.853 9-0.416 8, among which 45 species were classified as Class Ⅰ protected plants, 72 species as Class Ⅱ protected plants, and 39species as Class Ⅲ protected plants. The results of this study differ greatly from the endangered degree and priority protection level of various protected plant lists, and most of the orchids are under enhanced threat in this region, which is consistent with the real survival status of these orchids in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River area, and the protection of orchids in this region is urgent and should be given sufficient attention.