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不同采收期辽东楤木叶的功能成分及其抗氧化活性

Functional Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aralia elata Leaves at Different Harvesting Periods

  • 摘要: 为给辽东楤木(Aralia elata)适时采收提供理论依据,以栽培型辽东楤木为试验材料,分析了辽东楤木叶在不同采收时期(S1时期,2023年4月10日;S2时期,2023年4月30日;S3时期,2023年5月20日;S4时期,2023年6月9日)的生物量、光合色素含量、总酚和总黄酮含量、抗氧化能力。同时,建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)的检测方法,测定辽东楤木皂苷A、辽东楤木皂苷V、辽东楤木皂苷X的含量,并且基于高效液相色谱-质谱代谢组学技术,对比分析了不同采收期辽东楤木在次生代谢产物上的差异。结果表明:(1)辽东楤木叶鲜质量、干质量、光合色素含量均随着生长而增加,在S4时期达到最大值(;2)总酚和总黄酮含量在S1时期达到最大值(1.36 mg·g-1、29.38 mg·g-1);(3)S1时期DPPH自由基清除能力最强(IC50为0.262 g·L-1),S2时期ABTS自由基清除能力最强(IC50为0.511 g·L-1);(4)辽东楤木皂苷A的含量在S4时期达到最大值,为12.90 mg·g-1,辽东楤木皂苷V和辽东楤木皂苷X在S2时期的含量显著高于其他时期,分别为1.53、3.30 mg·g-1;(5)共鉴定了24种酚类代谢物,4个时期的酚类化合物总量分别为64.84、119.31、101.95、89.32 mg·g-1,其中C6C1骨架化合物(原儿茶酸、龙胆酸),C6C3C6骨架化合物(芦丁),C6C3骨架化合物(咖啡酸)在S2时期显著积累。综上所述,综合考虑功能成分含量、抗氧化活性和食用性认为,S2时期为最适宜的采收时间。

     

    Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for the timely harvesting of Aralia elata, the cultivated A.elata was used as experimental materials, and the biomass, photosynthetic pigment content,, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of A. elata leaves in different harvesting periods(S1 period, April 10th, 2023; S2 period, April 30th, 2023; S3 period, May 20th, 2023; S4 period, June 9th, 2023) were analyzed respectively. Meanwhile, the high-performance liquid chromatographic(HPLC) method was established to determine the contents of araloside X, araloside V,and araloside A. Based on high-performance lAiq. ueilda tcahromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology, the differences in secondary metabolites of, at different harvesting periods were compared and analyzed. The results showed that:( 1)The fresh weight dry weight, and photosynthetic pigment content of A. elata leaves increased with growth, and reached the maximum value in the S4 period.( 2)The contents of total phenol and total flavone reached the maximum value in the S1 period(1.36 mg·g-1, 29.38 mg·g-1).(3)The scavenging ability of DPPH radical was the strongest in t(he S1 period(ICIC50 of 0.262 g·L-1) and the scavenging ability of ABTS radical was the strongest in the S2 period 50 of 0.511 g·L-1).( 4)The content of araloside A reached a maximum of 12.90 mg·g-1 in the S4 period. The contents of araloside V and X in the S2 period were significantly higher than those in other periods, which were 1.53 and 3.30 mg·g-1 respectively.( 5)A total of 24 phenolic metabolites were identified, and the total amount of phenolic compounds in the four periods were 64.84, 119.31, 101.95 and 89.32 mg·g-1, respectively.)Among the total phenolic compounds, the C6C1 backbone compounds( protocatechuic acid and gentisic acid, the C6C3C6 backbone compounds( rutin), and the C6C3 backbone compounds( caffeic acid) were signifi,cantly accumulated in the S2 period. In conclusion, considering the content of functional components antioxidant activity, and edibility, the S2 period is the most suitable time for harvesting.

     

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