Abstract: To explore the classification and identification and interspecific relationship of Calanthe,the floral phenotypes and pollen morphological characteristics of 13 species of Calanthe in Tibet were studied.The results showed that:①the floral color was divided into yellow,yellow-green,yellow-brown and pink,with pink flowers in the majority;②the inflorescence was raceme,and length and width of various parts of the flower（sepal,petal,labellum,ovary,stigma） showed the difference.The difference of sepal length,petal width,labellum width,and stigma length was the largest,and the P value showed significant differences among various species;③the pollen masses of these 13 Calanthe species were composed of thousands of single grains,which has no germination hole found,the obvious sticky substance between pollen grains of some species was found.The different size pollen blocks vary shaped mostly oval,oblong,and pear;④the surface morphological characteristics of pollen blocks in different species were different,the pollen grains were stacked vertically or horizontally,and the shape of the pollen grains were also different;⑤the appearance differences of pollen grains of different species were obvious,divided into concave type,smooth type,small hole type and perforated type.The results above showed that the flower phenotype and pollen morphological characteristics refer for identification of 13 species of Prairie Calanthe,and played the supplementary role in determining their phylogeny and systematic classification.