Abstract: In order to screen suitable substrate formulations and to improve the quality of Trollius chinensis seedlings,and to explore the physiological mechanism of the influence of cultivation substrates on its seedling growth,the pot experiment peat and vermiculite and perlited on the growth,physiology and photosynthetic characteristics of the T. chinensis seedlings were conducted respectively. The results showed that T4,T5 and T7 significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of the garden soil,among which T7 treatment had the best effect on the seedlings. The plant height,width,leaf area and leaves number of the seedlings of T.chinensis increased by 32.08%,26.62%,56.22% and 64.41% respectively compared with the control;the antioxidant enzyme activity,mineral nutrient content,chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of T.chinensis leaves were significantly increased（P＜0.05）. Therefore,it could be used as the substrate formula of T. chinensis seedling to replace garden soil.