Abstract: In order to explore the taxonomic composition of Paris fargesii Franch., the morphological characteristics, phenological period, phytochemistry, molecular biology and geographical distribution of P.fargesii Franch. were compared and analyzed respectively. The results showed that there were five taxa, including P. fargesii var. fargesii, P. fargesii var. latipetala, P. fargesii var. brevipetalata, P. fargesii var.macrosepala and the black patch population. All of them differed in morphology, phenological period, steroidal saponins composition and ITS sequence, and had their own geographical distribution range. The phenological period and chemical composition of P. fargesii var. petiolata were closer to P. delavayi, and clustered into one branch in the ITS phylogenetic tree, and there was a transitional group between them. Therefore, P. fargesii var.petiolata should be removed from P. fargesii, as a variety of P. delavayi, which scientific name was P. delavayi var.petiolata. It was speculated that the infraspecific evolution order of P. fargesii was P. fargesii var. brevipetalata→P. fargesii var. latipetala→P. fargesii var. fargesii→P. fargesii var. macrosepala, black patch population.