Abstract: To provide references for the phylogenetic evolution, classification and identification of plants in Camellia Sect. Theopsis and Camellia Sect. Eriandria were studied by pollen morphology. 20 species of the two sections, pollen shape and exine sculpture were used as materials and observed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. Results indicated:（1）Pollen size of 20 species mainly belonged to medium（25-50 μm） and large（50-100 μm） pollen. The pollens were all single-grain pollen with three grooves, three-cracked in the polar view and long spherical in the equatorial view.（2）There were three types of pollen exine sculpture, including foveolate, granulate and verrucate. C. elongata was foveolate type, C. forrestii, and C. forrestii var. acutisepala were verrucate type, and the other 17 species were granulate type. We considered that the evolution trend of pollen exine sculpture of the two sections was foveolate→granulate→verrucate. The results of pollen exine sculpture types supported the view that Sect. Theopsis and Sect. Eriandria were a monophyletic clade, while the taxonomic status of C. tsofuii and C. lipoensis should be further studied.