Abstract: Since the regeneration of Tilia amurensis is difficult under full light conditions, and vegetation control can promote the growth of target species by changing light conditions and soil quality. In order to provide the support for the cultivation of T. amurensis, the effects of vegetation control intensity on root traits and soil factors of seedlings were investigated. T. amurensis monocultures（Five-year-old） with inter-row and intra-row spaces of 1.5 m×1.5 m were used as materials, and vegetation control treatments with different intensities T30, T50 and T₇₅（clearing vegetation in the radius of 30, 50, 75 cm around T. amurensis seedlings） and control treatment（CK） were set. The morphological traits, total nutrient content, and non-structural carbon content in the absorptive roots and transport roots of T. amurensis seedlings, as well as soil variables were measured under different treatments, and the effects of vegetation control on root traits and soil conditions were revealed.Vegetation control significantly changed the light intensity in the environment of T. amurensis seedlings, among which the light intensity under T₇₅ treatment was the maximum, and the light intensity decreased with the weakening of vegetation control intensity（P＜0.05）. Vegetation control significantly reduced the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil. With the decrease of vegetation control intensity, the fine root diameter, carbon to phosphorus ratio, soluble sugar and starch contents decreased, while the specific surface area, specific root length, total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents increased. Soil variables factors to the variation of root traits for absorptive roots and transport roots were 43.2% and 37.9%, respectively. The greater the vegetation control intensity, the greater the light intensity obtained by T. amurensis saplings, and the root morphology, stoichiometry and physiological traits of T. amurensis saplings took adaptive changes with the change of vegetation control intensity. The root specific surface area, specific root length, total carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents were increased to enhance the adaptability to low light conditions. The changes of light conditions and soil factors under vegetation control might be the two main factors to explain the root trait changes of T. amurensis saplings.