咸淡轮灌和生物炭对滨海盐渍土水盐运移特征的影响

黄明逸; 张展羽; 徐辉; 翟亚明; 王策; 朱成立

咸淡轮灌和生物炭对滨海盐渍土水盐运移特征的影响

1. 河海大学水利水电学院;
2. 河海大学农业科学与工程学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(51879071)

国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400200)

详细信息

作者简介:
黄明逸(1992—),男,博士后,主要从事盐碱地改良、高效灌排理论与技术研究,E-mail:hhuhuangmingyi@163.com

通讯作者:
张展羽(1957—),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事节水灌溉理论与技术研究,E-mail:zhanyu@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S156.42
计量
- 文章访问数: 0
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-14
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-24

Effects of Cycle Irrigation with Brackish and Fresh Water and Biochar on Water and Salt Transports of Coastal Saline Soil

1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower,Hohai University;
2. College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University

摘要

摘要: 为利用滨海地区微咸水改良盐渍土,进行了不同咸淡水轮灌（淡淡、淡咸、咸淡、咸咸）和施用生物炭（0、15、30 t/hm²）的室内入渗试验,探讨了咸淡轮灌和生物炭施用下滨海盐渍土水盐运移过程。结果表明:滨海盐渍土水分运动主要受初始入渗水质的影响,先咸后淡的轮灌方式更有利于土壤水分入渗,入渗速率增加了8.2%～46.9%,并小幅提高了土壤含水率;生物炭可促进咸淡轮灌下的水分运移,增加了相同时间内的湿润锋距离、累计入渗量、入渗速率及入渗后的土壤含水率,添加量为15 t/hm²时入渗增益最佳,入渗速率提高了3.5%～22.0%;淡咸和咸淡处理的土壤含盐量均低于咸咸处理,脱盐率和脱盐区深度系数更高,咸淡处理可增加脱盐率,而淡咸处理可提高脱盐区深度系数;生物炭有利于咸淡轮灌下的土壤盐分淋洗,脱盐率和脱盐区深度系数分别提高了9.1%～15.0%和1.1%～7.5%,并增加了Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量,促进Na⁺淋洗,进而降低了微咸水利用风险,但在30 t/hm²时盐分淋洗效果有所减弱。研究表明,添加15 t/hm²生物炭配合微咸水-淡水轮灌能够改善滨海盐渍土的入渗特性、持水能力和盐分分布,可为该区盐渍土和微咸水开发利用提供参考。
- 滨海盐渍土 /
- 微咸水 /
- 轮灌 /
- 生物炭 /
- 入渗 /
- 水盐运移
Abstract: For saline soil reclamation using brackish water in coastal areas,indoor infiltration tests were carried out to investigate the water and salt transport processes of coastal saline soil under different cycle irrigations with brackish and fresh water and biochar application.There were four cycle irrigation treatments,that was,continuous freshwater irrigation（fresh-fresh）,began with freshwater irrigation then brackish water irrigation（fresh-brackish）,began with brackish irrigation and then freshwater irrigation（brackish-fresh）,continuous brackish water irrigation（brackish-brackish）.The biochar application rates were 0 T/hm~2,15 t/hm~2 and 30 t/hm~2,respectively.According to the results,the water movement of coastal saline soil was mainly affected by the initial infiltration water quality.The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh was more beneficial to soil water infiltration and increased the infiltration rate by 8.2% ～46.9%.The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh also slightly improved soil moisture content.Biochar promoted water infiltration under cycle irrigation with brackish and fresh water,and increased wetting front distance,accumulated infiltration amount,infiltration rate,and soil moisture content.Biochar application at 15 t/hm~2 was most conducive to soil water transport,increasing the infiltration rate by 3.5%～22.0%.The soil salt content of fresh-brackish and brackish-fresh was lower than that of brackish-brackish,while the desalinization rate and depth coefficient were higher.The cycle irrigation of brackish-fresh increased the desalinization rate,and the cycle irrigation of fresh-brackish could increase the desalinization depth.The addition of biochar was beneficial to soil salt leaching under cycle irrigation,which increased the desalination rate and desalination depth coefficient by 9.1%～15.0%and 1.1%～7.5%,respectively.Biochar also increased the content of Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺,which promoted Na⁺ leaching and mitigated the risk of brackish water irrigation.The effect of biochar on salt leaching was limited when the biochar application rate was increased to 30 t/hm~2.The research result showed that15 t/hm~2 biochar combined with cycle irrigation with brackish and fresh water improved infiltration characteristics,water holding capacity,and salt distribution of coastal saline soil,which could provide references for the development and utilization of saline soil and brackish water in coastal regions.
- coastal saline soil /
- brackish water /
- cycle irrigation /
- biochar /
- infiltration /
- water and salt transport

HTML全文

参考文献(33)

[1]	朱成立,强超,黄明逸,等.咸淡水交替灌溉对滨海垦区夏玉米生理生长的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(12):253-261.ZHU Chengli,QIANG Chao,HUANG Mingyi,et al.Effect of cycle irrigation with fresh and slight saline water on physiological growth of summer maize in coastal reclamation area[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):253-261.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20181231&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.12.031.(in Chinese)
[2]	YAO R J,WANG X,ZHANG T J,et al.Studies on soil water and salt balances and scenarios simulation using SaltMod in a coastal reclaimed farming area of eastern China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,131:115-123.
[3]	YAO R J,YANG J S,ZHANG T J,et al.Short-term effect of cultivation and crop rotation systems on soil quality indicators in a coastal newly reclaimed farming area[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2013,13(8):1335-1350.
[4]	朱成立,吕雯,黄明逸,等.生物炭对咸淡轮灌下盐渍土盐分分布和玉米生长的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2019,50(1):226-234.ZHU Chengli,LU Wen,HUANG Mingyi,et al.Effects of biochar on coastal reclaimed soil salinity distribution and maize growth with cycle fresh and saline water irrigation[J/OL].Transactions of the C.hinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 2019,50(1):226-234.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190125&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-.298.2019.01.025.(in Chinese)
[5]	杨艳,王全九.微咸水入渗条件下碱土和盐土水盐运移特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(1):13-19.YANG Yan,WANG Quanjiu.Analysis water and salt transport characteristic of irrigation with saline water on alkaline and saline soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(1):13-19.(in Chinese)
[6]	戴继航,张金龙,李婧男,等.咸水淋洗改良滨海盐渍土的潜力研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):250-253.DAI Jihang,ZHANG Jinlong,LI Jingnan,et al.Leaching potential of salt water in coastal saline soils[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011 25(3):250-253.(in Chinese)
[7]	王艳,吴勇,廉晓娟,等.不同矿化度水淋洗重度盐碱土的水盐运移特征[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(4):39-43.WANG Yan,WU Yong,LIAN Xiaojuan,et al.Water and salt transporting feature of soil with different degree mineralization of water leaching severe saline-alkali soil[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2011,30(4):39-43.(in Chinese)
[8]	唐胜强,佘冬立.灌溉水质对土壤饱和导水率和入渗特性的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(10):108-114.TANG Shengqiang,SHE Dongli.Influence of water quality on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and infiltration properties[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016,47(10):108-114.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20161015&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.10.015.(in Chinese)
[9]	王全九,许紫月,单鱼洋,等.磁化微咸水矿化度对土壤水盐运移的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017, 48(7):198-206.WANG Quanjiu,XU Ziyue,SHAN Yuyang,et al.Effect of salinity of magnetized brackish water on salt and water movement[J/OL].Transactions of the C.hinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):198-206.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20170725&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.07.025.(in Chinese)
[10]	HUANG M Y,ZHANG Z Y,SHENG Z P,et al.Effect on soil properties and maize growth by cycle irrigation with brackish water[J].Transactions of the ASABE,2019,62(2):485-493.
[11]	管孝艳杨培岭,吕烨.咸淡水交替灌溉下土壤盐分再分布规律的室内实验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007, 23(5):88-91.GUAN Xiaoyan,YANG Peiling,LU Ye.Laboratory experiment on the redistribution of soil salinity under saline and fresh water cycle irrigation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(5):88-91.(in Chinese)
[12]	米迎宾,屈明,杨劲松,等.咸淡水轮灌对土壤盐分和作物产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):83-86.MI Yingbin,QU Ming,YANG Jingsong,et al.Effects of rotational irrigation with saline water on soil salinity and crop yield[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2010,29(6):83-86.(in Chinese)
[13]	闫冰周智彬刘凤山等.咸淡轮灌条件下塔里木河上游绿洲土壤入渗特性[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):238-242.YAN Bing,ZHOU Zhibin,LIU Fengshan,et al.Infiltration properties of soil in the oasis of upper tarim river under cycle irrigation of fresh and saline water[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):238-242.(in Chinese)
[14]	朱瑾瑾孙军娜,张振华,等.咸淡水交替灌溉对滨海盐碱土水盐运移的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(5):113-117,122.ZHU Jinjin,SUN Junna,ZHANG Zhenhua,et al.Effects of cycle irrigation with brackish and fresh water on water and salt movement in coastal saline soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(5):113-117,122.(in Chinese)
[15]	魏永霞,王鹤,刘慧,等.生物炭对黑土区土壤水分及其入渗性能的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2019,50(9):290-299.WEI Yongxia,WANG He,LIU Hui,et al.Effect of biochar on soil moisture and its infiltration performance in black soil area[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):290-299.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20190934&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.09.034.(in Chinese)
[16]	BLANCO-CANQUI H.Biochar and soil physical properties[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2017,81(4):687-711.
[17]	勾芒芒,屈忠义,王凡,等.生物炭施用对农业生产与环境效应影响研究进展分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(7):1-12.GOU Mangmang,QU Zhongyi,WANG Fan,et al.Progress in research on biochar affecting soil-water environment and carbon sequestration-mitigating emissions in agricultural fields[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(7):1-12.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180701&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000=1298.2018.07.001.(in Chinese)
[18]	孙枭沁,房凯,费远航,等.施加生物质炭对盐渍土土壤结构和水力特性的影响[J/OL].农业机械学报,2019,50(2):242-249.SUN Xiaoqin,FANG Kai,FEI Yuanhang,et al.Structure and hydraulic characteristics of saline soil improved by applying biochar based on micro-CT scanning[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019, 50(2):242-249.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view-abstract.aspx?flag=1&file-no=20190227&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.02.027.(in Chinese)
[19]	CHAGANTI V N,CROHN D M.Evaluating the relative contribution of physiochemical and biological factors in ameliorating a saline-sodic soil amended with composts and biochar and leached with reclaimed water[J].Geoderma,2015,259一260:45-55.
[20]	LASHARI M S,LIU Y,LI L,et al.Effects of amendment of biochar-manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution on soil quality and wheat yield of a salt-stressed cropland from Central China Great Plain[J].Field Crops Research,2013,144:113-118.
[21]	李文雪.生物炭添加对盐碱土水气传导的影响[D].烟台:鲁东大学,2018.LI Wenxue.Effect of biochar addition into saline soil on hydraulic conductivity and air permeability[D].Yantai:Ludong University,2018.(in Chinese)
[22]	孙宏勇,刘小京,张喜英.盐碱地水盐调控研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(10):1528-1536.SUN Hongyong,LIU Xiaojing,ZHANG Xiying.Regulations of salt and water of saline-alkali soil:a review[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(10):1528-1536.(in Chinese)
[23]	赵连东.咸淡水组合灌溉模式下盐碱土水盐分布及改良效果的试验研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2017.ZHAO Liandong.Experimental study on water and salt distribution and improvement effect of saline alkali soil under combined brackish and fresh water irrigation[D].Zibo:Shandong University of Technology,2017.(in Chinese)
[24]	王全九,单鱼洋.微咸水灌溉与土壤水盐调控研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(12):122-131.WANG Quanjiu,SHAN Yuyang.Review of research development on water and soil regulation with brackish water irrigation[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(12):122-131.http://www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view-abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20151217&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.12.017.(in Chinese)
[25]	刘春成,李毅,郭丽俊,等.微咸水灌溉对斥水土壤水盐运移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):39-45.LIU Chuncheng,LI Yi,GUO Lijun,et al.Effect of brackish water irrigation on water and salt movement in repellent soils[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(8):39-45.(in Chinese)
[26]	吴忠东.微咸水畦灌对土壤水盐分布特征和冬小麦产量影响研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.WU Zhongdong.Study on the effect of soil water and salt distribution characteristics and winter wheat yield by saline water border irrigation[D].Xi'an:Xi'an University of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[27]	刘静妍,毕远杰,孙西欢,等.交替供水条件下土壤入渗特性与水盐分布特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(4):55-60.LIU Jingyan,BI Yuanjie,SUN Xihuan,et al.Characteristics of soil infiltration and water-salt distribution under alternate irrigation[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2015,34(4):55-60.(in Chinese)
[28]	齐瑞鹏,张磊,颜永毫,等.定容重条件下生物炭对半干旱区土壤水分入渗特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(8):2281-2288.QI Ruipeng,ZHANG Lei,YAN Yonghao,et al.Effects of biochar addition into soils in semiarid land on water infiltration under the condition of the same bulk density[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(8):2281-2288.(in Chinese)
[29]	方圆.增施活性炭对土壤特性及春玉米生长的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.FANG Yuan.Effects of active carbon application on soil characteristics and growth of spring maize[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.(in Chinese)
[30]	王艳阳魏永霞孙继鹏等.不同生物炭施加量的土壤水分入渗及其分布特性[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):113-119.WANG Yanyang,WEI Yongxia,SUN Jipeng,et al.Soil water infiltration and distribution characteristics under different biochar addition amount[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(8):113-119.(in Chinese)
[31]	LASHARI M S,YE Y,JI H,et al.Biochar-manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution alleviated salt stress and improved leaf bioactivity of maize in a saline soil from central China:a 2-vear field experiment[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015,95(6):1321-1327.
[32]	吴忠东,王全九.微咸水钠吸附比对土壤理化性质和入渗特性的影响研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008(1):231-236.WU Zhongdong,WANG Quanjiu.Study on impact of sodium adsorption ratio of sal ine water on soil physical and chemical properties and infiltration characteristics[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2008(1):231-236.(in Chinese)
[33]	周文志,孙向阳,李素艳,等.生物炭和园林废弃物堆肥对滨海盐碱土淋溶的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2019,17(3):23-30.ZHOU Wenzhi,SUN Xiangyang,LI Suyan,et al.Effects of adding biochar and compost on the leaching of coastal saline-alkali soil[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,17(3):23-30.(in Chinese)